How Does Marijuana Affect Dogs? Signs, Risks, and What to Do

As marijuana becomes more widely available across the United States, both medicinally and recreationally, accidental exposure in dogs is on the rise. According to Trupanion data, marijuana toxicity has affected nearly 1,900 member pets, and that number continues to grow as cannabis products become more common in the home. If your dog gets into marijuana, cannabis edibles, or any THC-containing product, understanding what to do could make all the difference.

Is marijuana toxic to dogs?

Yes, marijuana can be toxic to dogs. While humans can process THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound in cannabis, dogs are far more sensitive to its effects. Dogs have a higher density of cannabinoid receptors in their brains compared to humans, which means they experience a much more intense reaction from the same amount of THC.

Even small quantities of marijuana can cause significant distress in a dog. The severity of symptoms depends on several factors:

• The dog’s size and weight (smaller dogs are at greater risk)
• The amount of THC consumed
• The form of marijuana (smoked, dried plant material, oils, edibles)
• Whether other toxic substances were present in the product

According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, THC can affect the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal tract in dogs, producing symptoms that range from mild sedation to life-threatening neurological effects.

Common signs of marijuana exposure in dogs

Symptoms of marijuana toxicity in dogs typically appear within 30 minutes to an hour of exposure, though ingestion of edibles can sometimes delay the onset. If your dog has been exposed to marijuana, here are the signs to watch for:

Neurological symptoms:

• Stumbling, loss of coordination, or difficulty walking
• Disorientation or appearing "glassy-eyed"
• Tremors or muscle twitching
• Seizures (in severe cases)
• Dilated pupils and sensitivity to light or sound

Behavioral and physical symptoms

• Extreme lethargy or sedation
• Vomiting
• Drooling excessively
• Urinary incontinence (loss of bladder control)
• Slow or irregular heart rate
• Low blood pressure
• Whimpering, anxiety, or appearing fearful

Dogs experiencing marijuana toxicity are often in a state of distress, even if they appear calm on the outside. The inability to understand what is happening to them can make the experience frightening, and without prompt veterinary care, symptoms can worsen quickly.

Why edibles are especially dangerous for dogs

Of all the forms of marijuana your dog might encounter, edibles carry the highest risk, and not only because of the THC content.

Many cannabis edibles are made with ingredients that are independently toxic to dogs. Some of the most common dangers include:

• Chocolate: A common edible ingredient and one of the most well-known canine toxins. Even small amounts can cause vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and in severe cases, death.
• Xylitol: An artificial sweetener found in some sugar-free edibles, gummies, and baked goods. Xylitol is highly toxic to dogs and can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar and liver failure.
• Raisins or grapes: Occasionally found in certain baked edibles, raisins are toxic to dogs and can lead to acute kidney failure.

Additionally, edibles tend to contain concentrated amounts of THC, far more than what a dog might be exposed to through secondhand smoke or contact with dried plant material. The high fat content in many edibles (think brownies or butter-based products) also accelerates absorption, meaning symptoms can come on faster and hit harder.

If your dog ate an edible, treat it as a medical emergency and contact your veterinarian immediately.

What to do if your dog is exposed to marijuana

Time matters, and the sooner you act, the better the outcome for your dog. Here’s what to do if you suspect your dog has been exposed to marijuana or any cannabis product:

• Don’t wait for symptoms to appear or worsen. Even if your dog seems fine initially, marijuana toxicity can escalate quickly. Contact your vet right away rather than taking a wait-and-see approach.
• Call your veterinarian or an emergency animal hospital. Describe what happened as clearly as possible, including when the exposure occurred and approximately how much was consumed.
• Contact the Pet Poison Helpline. If you can’t reach your vet, the Pet Poison Helpline (1-855-764-7661) is available 24/7. Be aware that a consultation fee may apply.
• Be honest with your veterinarian. Vets are not there to judge you, they’re there to help your dog. Accurate information about what your dog consumed allows the vet to provide the most effective treatment. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) encourages pet parents to be transparent with their veterinarians about potential exposures.
• Note the product if possible. If your dog got into a specific edible or cannabis product, bring the packaging with you. The THC concentration and ingredient list will help your vet assess the level of risk.
• Do not attempt to induce vomiting at home without guidance. This should only be done under veterinary supervision, as it may not be appropriate depending on your dog’s current symptoms.

How is marijuana toxicity treated?

There is no antidote for THC poisoning in dogs. Treatment is primarily supportive, meaning your veterinarian will focus on managing symptoms and keeping your dog stable while the toxin clears their system. Depending on the severity of the case, treatment may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids to support hydration and circulation
• Anti-nausea medication to prevent or control vomiting
• Temperature regulation, as dogs with marijuana toxicity may experience hypothermia
• Monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure
• In more severe cases, sedation or anti-seizure medication may be required

Most dogs recover from marijuana toxicity with prompt veterinary care, though recovery time can range from a few hours to over 24 hours depending on how much THC was consumed. Dogs that have eaten edibles with additional toxic ingredients may require more intensive treatment and a longer hospital stay.

Keeping your dog safe around cannabis products

Accidental exposure is the most common scenario — a forgotten edible on a coffee table, a bag of marijuana left within a curious dog’s reach, or a trash can dive that turns up something unexpected. Prevention starts with mindful storage.

• Store all cannabis products in sealed, dog-proof containers out of reach
• Dispose of used marijuana materials in a secured trash can
• Keep edibles clearly labeled and stored separately from pet-safe treats
• Inform houseguests and visitors about the risks to your dog

Be prepared for the unexpected

No pet parent plans for a poisoning emergency, but they happen. Emergency care, IV fluids, overnight monitoring, and lab work can quickly cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars.

Trupanion pet insurance is designed to help cover the cost of unexpected accidents and illnesses, including toxicity-related emergencies, so you can focus on getting your dog the care they need without the financial stress. And our ability to pay your vet directly can help in these urgent situations, giving you one less thing to worry about when it matters most.